96.7  Years and Counting: Understanding Planet, People, and Problems 

Children live in a petri dish of bacteria and viruses.

They catch colds and flu regularly, as often as 6 to 8 times a year. Yet school continues while attendance declines.

Our doctor’s best recommendations, washing hands, including vitamin C in one’s diet, getting plenty of sleep and staying hydrated, do not have much impact; there are still shelves at the pharmacies, loaded with ‘cures.’

Doesn’t that picture mean there must be a much larger factor that controls when and why children and even adults get sick? 

Why are more illness reported in winter, especially at Christmas and other winter holidays? 

We all live in an amazing home, called our body. 

Understanding how that body works can be very helpful. This article will discuss how our body avoids colds and flu, until we do things that get in the way! 

“You can see a lot by observing,” Yogi Berra, a famous baseball catcher and later a coach once said.

Most everyone understands how our blood is pumped around by our heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. 

However, there is much more. 

Blood is more than blood; it also contains lymph fluid, along with red and white cells, T-cells, oxygen and nutrients. 

Every cell in our body must receive blood or it dies, and as blood and lymph fluid reach the cell, amazing things happen! 

Oxygen, nutrients, and salts pass through the cell wall; carbon dioxide and other waste products pass out.

Each cell separates the ‘spent’ blood from lymph fluid; spent blood flows inward through capillaries and veins to the center of our body to be returned again. 

Lymph fluid however, flows in separate ducts to our skin, as well as inward, and then back to our heart, and a critical part of the lymph system are peanut size “nodes” located within the ducts that return lymph fluid to the heart. 

There are as many as 800 nodes in an adult body. External nodes ‘in’ our skin will receive our attention here, although there are internal nodes as well. 

Lymph nodes are organs of our body, as are the liver, spleen and others that exist beneath our skin, mostly above our waist, and above our elbows, as well as in our neck. 

In order to learn why this immune system fails us when we contract flu or ‘catch’ cold, a comparison to a person falling through thin ice on a lake, and quickly dying from hypothermia can be helpful.  

Hypothermia is defined as dangerously low body temperature; below 95°F .

In the case of hypothermia, the human body and its extensive temperature control systems work to keep the body, especially internal organs, such as liver, spleen, kidneys near 98.6 .°F

When our organs cool just two or three degrees, they no longer work, and our body dies!

This data tells us that when lymph nodes become cold they no longer function; they no longer serve as our immune system!   

Nodes that are cold are not effective and give bacteria and viruses a pathway to our entire body. Bacteria can then multiply rapidly,  and we come down with a flu or a cold. 

However, we can keep our lymph nodes working by avoiding conditions that cool lymph nodes. 

We need not walk on thin ice!
We can wear scarves, and warm clothing in winter.
We can avoid cold wind on bare skin, like our neck.
We can keep our upper arms under the covers at night. 
We can avoid cooling off quickly when our skin is covered in sweat; evaporating sweat cools our skin quickly. 

By keeping our lymph nodes warm we avoid colds and flu. 

Children have an extra problem during holidays. Candy and cookies loaded with sugar are everywhere. After eating a load of sugar, their body converts the sugar into energy and sweat glands are called upon to keep their body at 98 degrees by sweating.

While it may be impossible to control sugar to zero, it is possible to keep them, their skin, and their lymph nodes warm. 

These simple things have allowed my wife, Lu,  and me, to avoid colds and flu for over 40 years and we are in our 90’s now. 

However, when Lu did not wear a scarf during a cruise to Alaska, a cold wind blowing across the cruise ship’s gangplank caused her to have a cold the next day. 

And, when I did not wear a jacket at 10 p.m. one winter evening in my workshop; after 30 minutes, I shivered, and immediately went indoors. But the damage was done – a cold quickly turned into pneumonia and hospitalization. 

That was at least 10 years ago! Lesson learned! 

Can you remember your last colds or flu well enough to know if you allowed your skin and lymph nodes to get cold? 

My goal is the same as yours; to keep everyone healthy and happy.  

I have also have data and observations for a series of articles on health, energy, global warming and forest fire control. 

Look for another article within the next weeks. 

To contact Art Krugler, email a.krugler@icloud.com

Sources used in this article:

Medical book: Crouch, James. Human Anatomy. Lea & Febiger; 3rd edition. 1978. 

Hender, Daniel. “Benefits.” Hender Massage Taree, 2022, hendermassage.com.au/?page_id=198

Cleveland Clinic. my.clevelandclinic.org. 2024.  Present practices.


Krugler has taught courses at universities, presented at conferences, served on boards for Geothermal Resources Councils, a chamber of commerce and is the President of Krugler Engineering Group, Inc., a Nevada corporation.

He has traveled to 14 nations, seven on geothermal power projects, has four patents and two pending, and has published articles in two trade magazines.

He and his wife, Lu have been married happily for 67 years, with three children, and four granddaughters (all achievers).

Growing up on a dairy farm in the woods of northern Wisconsin, Krugler observed nature and the world around him with curiosity. He still does.

His writings are intended to improve people’s lives, to better the community, and potentially impact national views.

Ten courses in chemistry, and more in physics and math has helped.  He has also obtained 8 licenses to practice engineering in six states, but he is not legally allowed to practice medicine anywhere. He can however, share what he has observed in the medical field.

PSA Test: What your doctor does not tell you.

9/24/2012 Posted by Arthur H Krugler

TESTING FOR PROSTATE CANCER

THE PSA TEST – BIOPSIES
CONTROVERSY & CONFUSION

Doctors and Medical Researchers do know a lot; then why the confusion? and fear?
CONFUSION !
What does the PSA test result actually mean?
Is high equal to cancer? Is low safe?
Should an expensive biopsy be recommended? Especially if greater than 4?
Is a needle biopsy 100% foolproof and without error?
Should radiation treatment with its uncertain outcome be started
immediately??
Should surgery be recommended?
Or, watch and wait?
Or, for the elderly with very high readings, “ Keep them comfortable till
death”?

A WHAT IS PSA?; AN ANTIGEN (PROTEIN) PRODUCED IN THE PROSTATE GLAND.
PSA test values are concentration values from chemical analysis of blood.
B THE CONTROVERSY; IS A TEST FOR PSA CONCENTRATION USEFUL OR EVEN RELEVANT?
C OBSERVATIONS by A H Krugler, a professional chemical engineer.
(seek-ask-knock.com)
D CAN TUMORS BE DETECTED?? ARE NEEDLE BIOPSIES NECESSARY?
E CAN TUMORS BE RATED FOR AGGRESSIVENESS??

Just my observations, no more, no less; not a doctor, surgeon, urologist, or radiologist.
An engineers observations over 20 years studying my high and variable PSA test results.

A Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA ) : a protein produced mainly by the prostate
gland. The PSA Test: A very accurate bio-chemical test for very small
concentrations of the antigen which has migrated into the blood.
The test was released in 1986. See Wikipedia, “PSA” for more complete
definitions.

B There has been much controversy over attempts to relate the concentration to
cancer or to justify biopsy procedures. This is unfortunate, and in my opinion,
unnecessary.

First: The prostate gland produces the antigen ( protein ) continuously and some enters the blood stream where the concentration can be determined by the PSA test. Tests for production rates in the prostate (mg PSA/gm /day) are essential but not available.
Second: The antigen must also be removed from blood continuously to prevent the concentration from going sky high. (As high as a recorded instance of 2,571 with no reported cancer problems.) Urologists know very little about the removal process.
( The Where, How, and Why of Removal and Removal Rates)
Third: The many factors that affect antigen production, transfer rates from gland to blood, and its removal rate make any conclusion depending on PSA concentration alone to be unreliable.
Fourth: Adding the DRE (Digital Rectal Exam ( a Urologist feeling for lumps or hardness in the gland ) does little to help when the prostate gland is enlarged.
Fifth: Adding other blood tests have thus far not led to clear answers. It is difficult to sense small but aggressive tumors inside the soft prostate gland.
Sixth: Biopsy needles do not sample the entire gland leaving areas for tumors to hide.

C Observations by A H Krugler, a Chemical Engineer, during 20 years of monitoring
PSA, DRE’s, a biopsy, and several ultrasound examinations.
1 Total amount of antigen in the blood is very small. An average 160 lb man may have
6 liters of blood; a concentration of 4 mg/liter means a total of .024 grams of the
antigen.
This would amount to 1/2 of a drop of liquid if the protein were a liquid.
2 Small increases in transfer rates affect test results quickly, easily doubling
blood concentration. PSA results come down much more slowly.
3 Size matters, a larger factory produces more protein and elevates PSA
concentration.

Prostate size varies from a small walnut to a large grapefruit.
Urologists have a term, “density”; equal to PSA reading divided by size in cubic
centimeters. A result less than .17 has been suggested as “not indicating
cancer”.
Size can be determined by a minor frontal ultrasound examination.
4 Urinary infections: An infection can easily double the concentration in the blood
but it is not known if infection increases the production rate or if the transfer
rate alone is increased. More on cause of infections later.
Antibiotics and sulfa drugs are often prescribed. Stopping the infection does not
result in a rapid drop in PSA concentration. A month or more is required to reach
equilibrium.
5 Mechanical pressure;
– A urologist pressing the prostate with a forefinger in search of hard nodules or
tumor growths (DRE) will cause the antigen to be sent into the blood stream.
– Prostate glands compete for space in the lower pelvis region. A large stool
squeezes the gland as it passes through the pelvic region forcing protein into
the blood stream.
– Riding a bicycle can increase concentration.
– Researchers state that ejaculation also forces the antigen into the blood stream.
6 Factors that affect removal of the protein from the blood.
– Please note that removal rates determine PSA levels to a greater extent than
production, but there are no tests to determine this factor. In fact, I have yet
to find a clear answer on how the antigen is removed or used. Studies have
demonstrated that after complete surgical removal of the prostate gland,
approximately one month ( 700 + hours ) is required to reduce the PSA levels to
near zero. During the month the ‘average’ heart will pump 55,000 gallons of blood
equal to 450,000 lbs to remove 0.002 lbs of PSA. ( 4 mg/liter)
This might indicate the protein is not removed in either kidneys or liver but
rather metabolized with other proteins?
– Blood leaving the kidneys cannot be free of PSA. My computer simulation
indicates that levels of PSA would be very very low no matter the amount of PSA
generated.
If kidneys do remove PSA, their efficiency would be somewhere near .005% per pass.
– If the body does process this protein with other proteins, removal would depend
on protein content in the diet and protein needs of the body.
7 Age seems to matter. With age, more men develop enlargement of the prostate and
higher test results.
8 Urologists watch these increases in PSA results. The rate of change is called
“Velocity”.
An increasing number, whether high or low, is cause for concern.

D Reliably detecting tumors in the Prostate Gland with sensitive Ultrasound scanning.
1 The gold standard for detection of cancerous tumors is the needle biopsy.
– Needle biopsies are a very unreliable indicator of the presence of tumors,
especially in enlarged glands. In an enlarged prostate, tumors as large as 30 mm
can be missed in 12 locations by a 7 needle biopsy; the 9 needle biopsy is only
slightly better.
2 Surgeons have stated that all aggressive tumors are ‘bloody messes’ and have
determined that an active tumor sends a signal which the body acknowledges and
creates extra blood arteries and veins to supply the requested blood directly to
the tumor.
3 Ultrasonic instruments have increased their precision and are now able to detect,
not individual capillaries but the aggregate of increased blood levels in a tumor.
Ultrasound photos can be color coded to show the size and location of this
increased blood supply.
4 Tumors can no longer hide nor mask their aggressiveness.
5 More research is required to determine how and how quickly cancers ‘jump’ from the
prostate to other organs or the skeleton where death actually begins.

E Aggressiveness, and Treatment options
1 Urologists use a Gleason Score obtained from biopsies to rate aggressiveness in
recommending a treatment.
2 The author is convinced that color enhanced ultrasound examination is more
reliable, less costly, less danger of infections, no antibiotics, no recovery time,
no damage to the prostate gland. It is time for the medical profession to consider
this option.
3 There are many approaches to cancer treatment; drugs, radiation, surgery, hormones
etc.
4 This author has not needed to study treatments nor had the opportunity to observe
results.
5 The authors’ hope is that with a clearer understanding of the prostate condition,
detection might be reliable and treatment selection, when indicated, might be
easier.

PSA and Diet

PSA TESTING  —  Further Observations

We all understand piggy banks – put money in daily, it accumulates; take it out ??
What about PSA??  Our prostate puts protein in continuously, it enters our blood and must accumulate unless something takes it out.
   A recent report on the web follows PSA levels in the blood circuit indicating addition after the prostate gland and then removal.  Total PSA and Free PSA is reduced in the liver and Complexed PSA is reduced in the kidneys.   Is it actually ‘removed’ in the liver since the liver does not have a way to dispose of anything, except into bile?  Probably not.
   More likely, along with other proteins from our diet, our liver converts the PSA protein.  Proteins and carbohydrates are converted into fatty acids and triglycerides for storage and use in our cells.  It also oxidizes triglycerides to produce energy.
   Increasing protein in our diet would likely accomplish four things:
   1.   Increase the amount of protein available for body use.
   2    Increase the amount of protein in the blood
   3.   Direct the prostate not to produce unneeded and excess protein.
   4.   Reduce the amount and percent of PSA in the blood stream and lower PSA test results.
My personal history includes  38  PSA tests over 20 years showing a steady rise from 12 to 30’s, then as I significantly increased diet protein, dropping drastically to 17 in six months

Critics may say my history is a single event and insignificant.   Sorry; in Chemical Plants a single explosion is not considered a single insignificant event and only by studying each medical ‘event’ will we be able to understand our complex physiology.

I consider this observation to be uncommon, and perhaps original, because none of my seven urologists have mentioned diet as having any impact on PSA levels.  It was never a factor in their recommending or insisting on repeat biopsies because “with PSA readings of 30’s I must have metastatic cancer”.   Dr Bahn, after my UltraSound, disagreed.   Also I have never read of any researcher or research hospital mentioning diet in their reports on the “newest and latest on the PSA controversy”.

My hope is that this forum can create interest so researchers and urologists use correction factors for PSA readings before drawing conclusions.

Note:   I did not hop from urologist to urologist;  One died, three moved, one ‘walked me to the door’ after realizing he made an error, and I moved once.

Art Krugler    {dob 1927; 38 PSA’s,  hi 36  recent 17.6 ; 280 cc; density .06;  neg. biopsy 1991}